There exist 还是There exists,取决于后面主语的单复数。这实际是个完全倒装语序,exist是谓语动词,后面的名词是主语。There 起引导作用,本身无意义。
观察你的两个例句,是否符合上述规则:
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest.(误)
There exist some new problems such as being dishonest.(正)
其实,英语中这种用法没有什么奇怪的。不单是exist,其他一些静态动词,如stand, sit, lie, live 都可以这样用。例如:
第一组:
1. There lives a big family in a village.
村里住着一个大户人家。
2. Near the Florida Peninsula, there live lots of dolphins.
佛罗里达半岛附近省份生活着很多海豚。
第二组:
1. There lies a small town at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小镇。
2. In the southwest frontiers of China there lie many luxuriant forests where live a great variety of plants and animals.
在祖国西南边陲,有着许多茂密的大森林,里面有着各种各样的植物和动物。
第三组:
1. There stands a man-made hill near the lake. 在湖边有一座假山。2. There stand two stone lions at the entrance of the yard. 院门口放着两头石狮子。
